Atopic dermatitis is a common, often chronic skin disease that affects a large percentage of the world's population. It is also called eczema, dermatitis, or atopy: the atopic dermatitis triad includes asthma and allergies (hay fever).
Most commonly, it may be thought of as a type of skin allergy or sensitivity. The hallmarks of the disease include skin rashes and itching.

Atopic dermatitis can occur at any age, but it often affects infants and young children. In some instances it may persist into adulthood. In most cases there are periods of time when the disease is worse, followed by remissions when the skin improves or clears up entirely. Many children with atopic dermatitis enter into a permanent remission of the disease when they get older although their skin may remain dry and easily irritated.
Multiple factors can trigger or worsen atopic dermatitis including dry skin, seasonal allergies, exposure to harsh soaps and detergents, new skin products or creams, and cold weather. Environmental factors can also activate symptoms in individuals who have inherited the atopic disease trait.

The cause of atopic dermatitis is not known, but the disease seems to result from a combination of genetic (hereditary) and environmental factors. Evidence suggests that the disease is associated with other so-called atopic disorders such as hay fever (seasonal allergies) and asthma. Although one disorder does not necessarily cause another they may be related, thereby giving researchers clues to understanding atopic dermatitis.
While emotional factors and stress may in some cases exacerbate or initiate the condition, they do not seem to be a primary or underlying cause for the disorder.

Although symptoms of atopic dermatitis can be very difficult and uncomfortable, the disease can be successfully managed. People with atopic dermatitis can lead healthy, normal lives. Long-term management may include treatment with an allergist to control internal allergies and a dermatologist to monitor the skin-care component.